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Charles Messier’s famous list of 110 astronomical objects to ignore and why he was wrong

Today we look at just a few of the breathtaking 110 astronomical objects that Charles Messier catalogued so that he could ignore them in his search for comets…

An eighteenth century French astronomer by the name of Charles Messier produced a catalogue of objects in the night sky that he just wasn’t interested in. He was a comet hunter. Searching for the balls of rock and ice that orbit the Sun over tens, hundreds and even hundreds of thousands of years, Messier wanted to easily distinguish the frustratingly comet-like objects that appeared static in the night sky from actual comets that danced across the sky and that were so sought after. Messier himself compiled a list of 102 objects that was later added to using Messier’s own notes.

These objects were mostly star clusters, galaxies, nebulae and supernova remnants and while it was created so that other comet hunters like himself could ignore them, astronomers today regularly train their telescopes on these objects and in doing so set eyes on some of the most breathtaking sights in the observable universe. Here we look at some of the most interesting of the 110 objects that Messier wanted us to ignore, and explain the origins behind their formation and creation. Continue reading

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Carl Reviews: ‘The Grand Design’ by Stephen Hawking & Leonard Mlodinow

Today we take a look at the latest book to be penned, in part at least, by arguably the most well known physicist in the world, Stephen Hawking. With previously engaging works such as ‘A Brief History of Time’ and ‘Universe in a Nutshell’, any book by this science superstar is expected to meet high expectations…

Stephen Hawking is placed amongst the ranks of such scientists as Carl Sagan, Richard Feynman and Brian Cox in that they have all had great success in popularising science, in particular physics, as well as presenting topics in a more accessible fashion to the general public. Most recently, physicist Brian Cox has been credited with the increased uptake in science subjects seen in UK schools thanks in part to his widely popular BBC science programmes. Anything that inspires, informs and intrigues people about science and physics can only be a good thing. ‘The Grand Design’ attempts to provide answers to three
of the most fundamental questions anyone could ask about the universe using the latest developments and discoveries in science:

  • Why is there something rather than nothing?
  • Why do we exist?
  • Why this particular set of laws and not some other?

Co-authored by Stephen Hawking and American physicist Leonard Mlodinow, this book steps away from previous works in that instead of attempting to explain how the universe works, the two attempt to explain why the universe is the way it is and why our universe even exists at all.

In its relatively short 228 pages, Hawking and Mlodinow take the reader on a whistle-stop tour of human kind’s own scientific journey, politely ambushing philosophy whenever an opportunity presents itself. Along the way the reader is treated to explanations on why the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is important and what its existence tells us as well as other important concepts like the famous double-slit experiment, the standard model, unification and more which generally leave the reader satisfied in their new understanding of them.

Unfortunately, the book loses pace somewhat towards its ultimate conclusion and even with the introduction of the very exciting idea of M-theory, the authors cannot quite seem to attract the same level of interest that was there in the first five chapters; ultimately, the last chapter lets the book down. Although the questions that were asked at the beginning are mostly answered in some way or other, the last chapter seems to feed the reader an idea without giving them the tools and knowledge they need to decide for themselves whether what they see on the page is gospel.

A great ride through our scientific history with some well written but not hugely detailed explanations of important and usually deeply complicated physical concepts. If you want a more concise explanation of basic physical ideas with more mathematical concepts, check out the authors’ previous works.

Buy this book: Amazon

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News: Latest News From NASA; GRAIL Moon Mission, ISS Supply Ship Loss

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The Basics of Gravitational Fields

Carl discusses the basics of gravitational fields, the equations used to describe them and how they can be represented on paper…

Gravity is all about masses attracting each other. Everything with a mass – you, me, the Earth etc. – has a gravitational field within which any other object will experience an attractive force. We do not notice our own gravitational fields because it is only objects with large masses that have a significant effect, such as the Earth, Sun and Moon – the gravitational interaction between these three bodies causes the ocean tides we observe here on Earth! Continue reading

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Carl Talks Physics Summer 2012 Internships & Experience Guide for Undergraduate Students (Updated 12/01/2012)

In this article Carl shares some of the work placement and internship programmes offered by companies, organisations and institutions throughout the world for physics undergraduates for the summer of 2012, as well as providing some hints and tips on how to maximise your chances of successfully applying…

Gaining hands on and and real world experience during the course of your undergraduate degree course is well on its way to being considered equally as important as the class of degree you graduate with and can set you apart from any other candidates that apply for the same position as you. In short, gaining experience during your degree can give you an advantage after graduation whatever path you choose, be it staying in education or searching for employment – even if the experience has nothing to do with your degree subject! Continue reading

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Further Your Knowledge: (And have some fun!) Kerbal Space Program

With the end of NASA’s Space Shuttle Programme, we here at Carl Talks Physics are looking for any way to continue the rush and excitement that always accompanied the launch of a Shuttle. Until that time when another space programme captures our imaginations and hearts in the same way, we think we have found the next best thing – and something you can do right on your computer.

In Kerbal Space Program you get to build your own multiple-stage rockets, launch and fly them through the atmosphere and (hopefully) place the command pod, which contains your three crew members, into orbit around the Earth-like planet Kerbin.

Throughout your mission, your three crew are shown in the bottom right corner of your screen where you can observe their expressions which range from delight to absolute terror.

While the game is in these early stages it is free to download and in the official forums you can find links to download other players’ creations as well as parts they have created which you can use in your own rockets.

Grab it now and start designing your own successor to NASA’s Space Shuttle. There’s a lot more planned from Kerbal Space Program so keep looking out for updates which promise to bring a lot more functionality, missions, parts and detail to the universe – soon you’ll be able to explore a solar system!

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